first, count the amount of the basic methods of reinforced;
second, construction clean contracting price (true cost);
third, CAD, word, excel conversion between;
first, the amount of the basic methods of reinforced count
Chapter beam frame beam
Section I, the first cross-bar calculation
1, through the upper part of the upper linking bar
bar (long bar on the pass 1) Length = Length + pass across the net cross-bearing anchoring the first end of the value of
2, client-side bearing bearing negative reinforcement negative reinforcement
length: the first row of the Ln / 3 + end bearing anchor value;
The second row of the Ln / 4 + end bearing anchor value
3, the lower bar
the lower part of the net cross-bar length = length + about bearing anchor value
Note: the lower sub-row regardless of whether or not reinforced, the calculated result is the same, so we marked the lower part of the beam longitudinal reinforcement can not enter information divided row .
above three types of steel bearing anchor in both the problems involved, then, is how the software 03G101-1 bearing Anchorage judge on it?
Now we come to sum up the above three types of bearing steel anchor to determine the problem:
bearing width ≥ Lae and ≥ 0.5Hc +5 d, straight anchor, taking Max {Lae, 0.5Hc +5 d}.
end bearing steel anchor value = bearing width ≤ Lae or ≤ 0.5Hc +5 d, the anchor bend, take the Max {Lae, bearing width - the protective layer +15 d}. Anchoring the middle of the bearing steel
value = Max {Lae, 0.5Hc +5 d}
4, lumbar muscle
structural steel: structural steel clear span length = length +2 × 15d
torsion bar: the algorithm with rebar
5, stretching
reinforcement length = (beam width -2 × protective layer) +2 × 11.9d (seismic bending hook value) +2 d
number of roots stretch: If we do not have the input method in a given level of cloth reinforcement bar spacing, then the reinforcement of the root number = (number of stirrups root / 2) × (number of structural tendons / 2); if given stretch cloth reinforcement spacing, then the root of the number of reinforcement bars = length of cloth / fabric reinforcement spacing.
6, stirrups
stirrup length = (beam width -2 × protective layer + protective layer of beam -2 ×) +2 × 11.9d +8 d
stirrups root number = (encrypted zone Length / encrypted area spacing +1) × 2 + (the length of non-encrypted / non-encrypted area spacing of -1) +1
Note: Because the protective layer component deduction are deducted to the longitudinal reinforcement of the skin, then we can be found, reinforcement and stirrups were in each layer of protection at a diameter of more than minus value; and we are reinforced in the budget calculation of length, are calculated according to the skin, so the software will automatically deduct the length of the multi- in the supplementary return, which, stretch increased the calculation 2d, an increase of stirrup calculation 8d. (Shown below)
7, hanging bars
hanging bars anchorage length = 2 * length +2 * + times oblique beam width +2 * 50, which box beam height> 800mm angle = 60 °
≤ 800mm angle = 45 °
Second, the calculation of the middle cross bar
1, the middle bearing negative reinforcement
intermediate bearing negative reinforcement: the first row of the Ln / 3 + intermediate bearing value + Ln / 3;
second row for the Ln / 4 + intermediate bearing value + Ln / 4
Note: When the middle span of two negative reinforcement side bearing extension and ≥ the length of span across the net, its bar length:
the first row of the inter-net span + (Ln / 3 + pre intermediate bearing value) + (Ln / 3 + intermediate bearing upon the value of);
across the second row of the clear span length + (Ln / 4 + before the middle bearing value) + (Ln / 4 + after the intermediate bearing value).
other cross-reinforced steel calculated with the first calculation.
Third, the end of the first cross bar cross bar calculated
similar calculation
four steel cantilever span calculated
1, with 03G101-reinforcement
software 1, in the form of software, there are six steel cantilever, as shown below
Here, we 2 #, 5 # and 6 # steel as an example for analysis:
2 # steel - on the cantilever tendons pass = (through cross-) beam clear span length + width + high + secondary beam inside the 50mm steel beam from the second bend -4 a protective layer from the steel of the ramp section + length + lower + steel anchor into the beam bearing steel anchor value
5 # - on the men row of steel = Ln / 4 + Supports wide +0.75 L
6 # steel - bottom bar = Ln - protective layer +15 d
2, stirrup
(1), if the cantilever cross-section for the variable cross-section, then we must also enter the end of the section size and the root of beam, which mainly affect the length of beam cross-section calculation of stirrups, the upper slope reinforcement there long time, ramp height and the lower section of the length of reinforcement; variable cross-section if the situation did not happen, we are just in the
(2), root of the cantilever is calculated stirrups should not subtract times the width of the beam; 03G101-1 under the revised version of 66 pages. Section II of the other beam
a non-frame beam
in the 03G101-1 in frame beam reinforcement for non-simple explanation, and the frame beam steel handle different is that:
1, normal beam stirrups set encryption area and no longer distinguish between the problems of non-encrypted area;
2, the bottom longitudinal reinforcement anchored into the bearing only 12d;
3, the upper longitudinal bar anchor into the bearing, no longer consider 0.5Hc +5 d value judgments.
not entirely explain the instructions refer to 03G101-1.
Second, the box beam
1, the bearing box beam extending the length of the negative reinforcement of the Ln / 3;
2, the lower end of longitudinal reinforcement value of dealing with the bearing anchor frame beam;
3, the first row of the upper longitudinal bar anchorage length of reinforcement side bearing = bearing width - the protective layer + Leung - protective layer + Lae, the second row of reinforcement anchorage length ≥ Lae;
4, beam central beam reinforcement extended beyond its borders the level of direct anchoring end and then lateral bending 15d;
5, the range of encryption stirrups ≥ 0.2Ln1 ≥ 1.5hb;
7, the side structure of reinforced steel bars and torsion beam treatment consistent with the framework. Wall
Chapter calculation of quantities in the steel wall is the most difficult computing components, embodied in:
1, shear walls, including walls, wall beams, Qiang Zhu, hole, we must take into account their whole relationship;
2, shear walls in the plane right angle, T-angle, cross-angle, oblique angle of rotation and other forms;
3, shear walls in the facade There are various holes;
4, there may be a single row of reinforced walls, double, multi-row, and may bar each row different;
5, Qiang Zhu combination of a variety of stirrups;
6, coupling beam to distinguish between top and middle layer, based on the location of the hole there are different methods of calculation different.
need to calculate quantities
shear walls
Section I, the level of shear walls of reinforced
1, the wall-side When the dark column
A, lateral reinforcement to pass through the outer wall of reinforced length = length - protective layer
medial wall of steel = long - protective layer + bend
B, lateral steel reinforcement does not pass through the outer wall of a long length = - +0.65 Lae
protective layer inside the wall of reinforced length = length - bent
protective layer + dark Zhu wall compared with the level of flat
number of roots =-storey reinforced / spacing +1 (dark beams, with beams reinforced wall according to the level set)
2, when the wall side to side column < br> A, lateral steel reinforcement to pass through the outer wall length = length - inner protective layer
net long + bar = anchorage length of the wall (curved anchor, straight anchor)
B, lateral steel reinforcement does not pass through the outer wall of a long length = - +0.65 Lae
protective layer inside the wall of reinforced net length = length + anchorage length (curved anchor, straight anchor)
number of roots =-storey reinforced the level / distance +1 (dark beams, walls with beams designed according to the level of reinforcement)
Note: If there are multiple rows the vertical wall and horizontal steel reinforcement, the reinforcement of intermediate level measures at the corner of the anchor inside the wall with the horizontal bar of the anchor structure.
3, when the shear walls have holes
side wall
Zhu prominent wall when the wall has holes, the walls of the level of hole cut in the left and right bars, respectively, bending down to 15d.
Second, the shear wall vertical reinforcement
1, the first floor walls of the longitudinal reinforcement based Reinforcing + length = + stretching from the upper storey floor overlap length
2, the middle layer of the wall longitudinal reinforcement length = + stretching from the upper layers of the high overlap length
3, the top wall length = longitudinal reinforcement anchorage length of the top layer of clear height + vertical wall reinforcement
net root number = wall length / distance +1 (from the dark walls of the vertical steel columns, 50mm side edge of the beginning column layout)
no change in cross-section middle layermiddle layer tapered
; ; ;
top Interior top wall
4, shear wall body has the hole, walls on both sides of the vertical bar down in the hole cut, lateral bending, respectively, 15d.
three walls stretch
1, length = thickness of the wall - protection layer + hook (hook length = 11.9 +2 * D)
2, root number = wall net area / stretch the layout area
Note: the net area of the wall mean it takes less dark (side) column, dark (with) beam, the wall area - total area of openings - dark column sectional area - dark beam area; < br> stretch the gluten area is its horizontal distance × vertical spacing.
Example: (8000 * 3840) / (600 * 600)
Section Qiang Zhu
a wall, longitudinal reinforcement
1, first floor vertical Qiang Zhu Reinforcing bar length = base + + stretching from the upper storey floor overlap length
2, the middle layer Qiang Zhu longitudinal reinforcement length = high + stretching from the upper layers of the lap length
3, top Qiang Zhu length = longitudinal reinforcement anchorage length of the top layer of clear height +
Note: If you are side column, top to distinguish between anchoring edge, the corner posts, to distinguish between outer and inner steel reinforcement. Because the side frame column can be seen as columns, so the anchor is also the same with the frame column.
Second, the hoops: According to the calculation of the free combination of design drawings. Shear wall-beam
Section I, even beam
1, the force coupling beam reinforcement
top hole reinforcement length = width + right and left anchor value Lae
middle layer with the hole Beam Bar length = width + right and left anchor value Lae
2, stirrups
top of beams, longitudinal bars are arranged within the length of stirrup that N = (LAE-100/150 +1) * 2 + (hole width -50 * 2) / distance +1 (top)
the middle layer of beams, stirrups arranged within the hole, then the plus sides of the entrance one that is N = (hole width -50 * 2) / distance +1 (middle layer)
Second, the dark beam
1, the dark beam reinforcement net length = length + anchor
2, hoop tendons
Chapter structural steel column
KZ connection
first chapter of a foundation layer, column reinforcement
based Reinforcing = thickness of the base - Protection reinforced upper layer + stretching the length of + Max {10D, 200mm}
two base base stirrups stirrups
only play the role of a solid role, but also can be reinforced to prevent be flexible in the pouring action. Is usually calculated by 2 (the software is based on three.)
Chapter
a middle layer, column longitudinal reinforcement
1, KZ middle layer of the longitudinal reinforcement = story - out of the current layer on the ground floor height + reach the height of the ground floor, two
column stirrup
1, KZ middle layer of the root of the number of hoops one encrypted area = N / encrypted area of non-encrypted space + N + area / non-encrypted area spacing -1
03G101 -1 in stirrups on an encrypted column area are as follows
1) the first floor column stirrup three encrypted areas, namely: the length of the lower stirrup encrypted area to take Hn / 3; upper take Max {500 , long side column size, Hn / 6}; beam joint range of encryption; if the column uses banding lap, lap within the same time it needs to be encrypted.
2) above the first floor column stirrups were: upper and lower parts of the stirrups were removed and the length encryption Max {500, column length edge size, Hn / 6}; beam joint range of encryption; if the column uses banding lap, lap within the same time it needs to be encrypted. KZ III
top top
different because of their location, into corner posts, side columns and column, and thus a variety of anchoring the top of column longitudinal reinforcement vary. (See page 03G101-1 s 37,38)
one corner posts corner posts
the top layer of clear height of longitudinal reinforcement length = Hn + top steel anchor value, then the prism value of the top steel anchor is how to consider it?
; bend anchor (Lae): girder - protective layer +12 d
a, inside the anchorage length of straight steel anchor (Lae): Leung, - protective layer
; ; 1.5Lae
b, the outer anchorage length of steel columns at the top of the first layer: high beams - protective layer + column width - protective layer +8 d
column at the top of the second layer: Leung - protective layer + column width - protective layer
Note: GGJ V8.1, the inside of the curved steel bar anchorage length Anchor (Lae): Leung, - protective layer +12 d
; ; ; direct anchoring (Lae): Leung, - protective layer
lateral reinforcement anchorage length = Max {1.5Lae, Leung - protective layer + column width - protective layer}
Second, the top side of longitudinal column reinforcement
side column length = Hn + top layer of clear height steel anchor value, then the top edge of steel anchor column value is how to consider it?
side column longitudinal reinforcement of the anchor into the top inside and outside of reinforced steel anchor anchor:
a, the length of the inside bend steel anchor bolt (Lae ): Leung, - protective layer +12 d
; straight Anchor (Lae): Leung, - protective layer
b, lateral reinforcement anchorage length: 1.5Lae
Note: GGJ V8.1, the inside of the curved steel bar anchorage length of anchor (Lae): Leung, - protective layer +12 d
direct anchoring (Lae): Leung, - protective layer
; lateral reinforcement anchorage length = Max {1.5Lae, Leung - protective layer + column width - protective layer}
three column
top longitudinal reinforcement in the column length = Hn + clear height of the top layer of reinforced anchor value, then the value column is how the top bar anchorage consider it?
top longitudinal reinforcement in the column to bend the anchorage length anchor (Lae): Leung, - protective layer +12 d
direct anchoring (Lae): girder - protective layer
Note: GGJ V8.1, the processing above.
Chapter board
in practical engineering, we know that board panels and cast into precast panels, this is mainly of cloth Slab reinforcement situation.
Ligament are: muscle force (one-way or two-way, single or double), bearing negative reinforcement, distribution of tendons, additional reinforcement (additional radiation corner bars, additional reinforced hole), shoring bars ( when the support bar on the lower layer).
one
software tendon force, tendon force is based on the length of the calculation grids.
axis force tendon length = size + left + right anchor + anchor both ends of the hook (in the case of grade Ⅰ bars).
root number = (axis length - reduced value) / fabric reinforcement spacing +1
Second, negative reinforcement and distribution of muscle
negative reinforcement negative reinforcement length = length + left + right bending bent
negative reinforcement root number = (cloth reinforcement range - reduced value) / fabric reinforcement bar spacing +1
distribution range of length = length of the negative reinforcement layout - deduct the value of negative reinforcement negative reinforcement distribution
root number = negative reinforcement bars input The length of the interface of negative reinforcement / distribution space +1
three tendons, additional reinforcement (additional radiation corner bar, an additional reinforcement hole), support bars (when the support bar on the lower layer)
direct calculation based on the actual situation reinforcement length, root number can be, can be used directly in the software input method based computing. Chapter FAQ
Why steel calculation, 135o hooks in software that we counted as 11.9d?
calculation of our software in the hoop is actually taken 11.9D hook with the results of measuring the difference, we know that hook straight length is 10D, then measure the difference should be 1.9D, 1.9D below this measure we derive about the origins of the difference:
calculated in accordance with the results of skin is 1000 +300; if it is calculated according to the center line :1000-D / 2-d +135 / 360 * 3.14 * (D / 2 + d / 2) * 2 +300, where D is the specification to take the minimum radius of 2.5d, this time behind the formulas used by the results of the previous formula is: 1.87d ≈ 1.9d.
beam when there are two hanging bars do?
information in the input box with hanging bars The beam width of the back of the sub-one correspondence in accordance with hanging bars, such as input into the 250/300 (2B22 beam width corresponds to 250; 2B25 beam width corresponding to 300)
bearing on both sides of the beam in the middle of the bar is not at the same time, the software is how to handle it?
bearing on both sides of the beam in the middle of the bar is not the same time, we have the right software directly into the current cross-bearing negative reinforcement and negative reinforcement the next inter-bearing reinforced left. Software to calculate the principle is reinforced on both sides of the same bearing, through; a difference in the anchorage; determine the principle is the same as the input format is adopted, a difference in the anchorage. Negative reinforcement at right bearing for the 5B22, the next cross-bearing negative reinforcement for the left-5B22 +2 B20, the five reinforced by bearing 22, two anchoring the bearing 20.
variable section beams in software is how to handle it?
in software, variable cross-section beams were divided into two:
1, when the height difference of> 1 / 6 of the beam is high, regardless of the format is the same on both sides, both sides of the bar all by anchoring calculated. Bending length is 15d + elevation.
2, when the height difference of <1 / 6 of the beam is high, reinforced by bearing different judgments on both sides of the conditions for processing.
If the frame column concrete strength to change how we handle column longitudinal reinforcement?
If the frame column concrete strength to change the column longitudinal reinforcement of the deal are two cases:
1, if the column longitudinal reinforcement using electroslag welding, press the top column strength grade of concrete to set;
2, if the column longitudinal reinforcement lap banding used, for example, 1 to 2 layer C45, 3 ~ 10 layers for the C35, the column to be separated to create two components: one for the C45, as 3 layer, but only enter the member section 3-layer size and storey purpose is to keep the top layer 2 calculated as the anchor; another component to establish 1 to 10 layers, 1 to 2 layers only enter the member section size and storey, reinforced Information Since the 3 layers start typing, so that you can solve the problem. Each round
column spiral reinforcement meter length of the formula: L = N (P * P + (D-2b + do) ^ 2 * π ^ 2) ^ 0.5 + two hook length
where:
N = screw turns, N = L / P (L length of the circular column for the component length)
P = pitch
D = diameter of component
do = diameter of spiral reinforcement
b = cover thickness.
Also:
theoretical mass = steel reinforcement length * The quality of steel per meter mass = total consumption
steel reinforcement theory of quality * [1 + steel (iron) loss rate]
quality calculation shortcut bar theory:
theory of quality steel bar diameter = square (in mm) * 0.00617
second, construction clean contracting Price (useful)
template :19-23 Yuan / square meter (sticky gray surface) -
concrete :38-41 Yuan / Li, -
reinforced :310-420 yuan / ton, or 10-13 yuan / m2-
masonry :55-70 Yuan / Li. -
plaster :7-15 yuan / square meter (not net of door and window openings, do not include ride demolition scaffolding) -
tile paste 18/m2.-
room floor tile (600 * 600) 15 yuan / square meter, -
baseboard: 3 yuan / m, -
room wall: 25 yuan / square meter (including the chamfered) -
stone staircase: 28 yuan / square meters, stepping board edging: 10 yuan / m. -
gypsum board ceiling: 20 yuan (flat roof) Lvkou Ban hanging items: 25 yuan / square meter, -
Taiwan cut off squatting :120-300 / rub bit. -
white latex paint: 6 yuan / square meter. -
outside the wall: 43 yuan / square meter, -
wall hanging mushroom: 50 yuan / square meters. -
roof battens: 13 yuan / square meter. -
Plumbing: 9 yuan / square meter (floor space) -
electrical lighting components: 6 yuan / square meters. -
woodworking :18-24 Yuan / square meter (sticky gray surface), carpentry 35-50 yuan / m2, -
Jia Zigong 5.5 yuan / m2, -
third, CAD, word, excel conversion between the
one, CAD graphics or tables copied to WORD, EXCEL steps
1, change the CAD system variables WMFBKGND is OFF, make the background transparent CAD,
if you want to copy in black and white graphics can be in the Layer Manager, which the layer color to white (7);
2, select the graphic you want to copy, use the
3, switch to the WORD or EXCEL, activation need to paste the area, and then select
4, paste the original results as shown;
5, using the ;
6, the effect of cutting and scaled as shown;
7, such as graphics need to be modified, press the CAD Drawing to be modified to return to;
EXCEL approach also copied to the above.
Second, WORD, EXCEL graphs or tables copied to the CAD step
1, select the need to copy the graphic or table, use the
2, switch to the CAD program, and then select
3, select Paste as
4, choose Paste the insertion point, as shown after the effect of paste;
5, lines or text after paste can be edited directly in the CAD, as shown below;
CAD to the Office to add a few: CAD map pasted into Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher can use this method.
1, line width - the proposed multi-segment line to set the line width, because the width width width of only two post-paste, not pretty;
2, the proportion of the problem - if possible, maximize the use of 1:1 drawing, where the ratio of 1:1 is printed, that is, the need to print to 10mm,
graphics to draw into 10 units, both to control the map scale, but also can control the line width;
3, background Colors - 2002 in the layout of the space (the background of the general layout of the space is white) copy, 2004,2005,2006 copied directly on the line, no need to modify the background color.
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