Reading Tip: Communist dictatorship and democracy against the basic idea:
(a) the sovereignty of the people is the basic characteristic of democratic countries
(b) of the Chinese people to learn about American democratic ideals and democratic spirit
(c) China's fundamental problem is the lack of democracy, the Communist Party's task is to establish democracy
(d) to achieve democracy and to end one-party dictatorship
(e) freedom of the press is the foundation of democracy
article highlights: 1946 on May 17, the people's good leadership, words are best, established credit for the people wholeheartedly.
[Links] Tie Group: review of democratic political thought
CPC Central Committee in Yanan, hold high the banner of democratic politics, and resolutely opposed to Chiang's dictatorial rule, and strive to explore the road of China's democratic political development, resulting in a rich democratic political thought.
1937 年 5 3, Mao Zedong in Yan'an, held the National Conference of the CPC made a presentation entitled Japanese during the mission, The second part, Mao Zedong put forward to achieve . this regard, we should change the election and the convening of the National Assembly on the anti-democratic methods, the implementation of democratic elections and guarantee the freedom of the General Assembly meeting to start, until the development of a truly democratic constitution, called a truly democratic parliament elections truly democratic government, until the implementation of a true democratic policies. hh (should) harshly criticized the ruling Kuomintang, promote and urge the KMT to give up one-party dictatorship of a class, and the implementation of people's views. within a few months of this year, the country must initiate a broad democracy movement, this movement's immediate objective, should be placed on the National Assembly and the constitution on the completion of the democratization. democratic reform of the political system, we can not mobilize the people into war, to defend the motherland and lost ground to obtain the victory. The current months, the National People's democratic movement, must fight for this task to complete a minimum release of political prisoners , Kaifangdangjin, etc., are covered. During the struggle against dictatorship and democracy curtain, erected an anti-authoritarian spirit of fighting for democracy banner in Yan'an.
Communist dictatorship and democracy against the basic idea:
(a) the sovereignty of the people is a basic democratic countries Features
Chinese Communist Party .
1944 年 2 月 2, Right: right to vote, election officials and the representative can not be who is not a democracy in this country is definitely not by the people who truly democratic country hh countries, we must let the people of the right to vote. ; not only the right to vote to ordinary l r, l have an equal right to be elected l r. and general r, l equal r; not only the people should have equal right to vote, but people should have equal right to be elected. In addition to mental impairment, r or l l was sentenced to r deprived of civil rights of people, as well as a traitor, any person elected should not be restricted, and deprived. not only the amount of assets should not, compete with the status, power, size standards, and not the order learning strengths and weaknesses, how much knowledge as the standard. The only criteria is that we can not represent the people of the meaning and interest, is not embraced by the people and, therefore, to choose only the people themselves. If a prior qualification to be eligible for election, or even by the official to make certain candidate, even though the right to vote is not restricted, but also a tool for the voters to vote to do nothing more. No reservations to return power to the people Sovereignty is not in the hands of the people, This is not the right track, can only be regarded as abnormal, it is not democracy. What is the sovereignty of the people? according to Sun Yat-sen's Democracy is the people's right to vote and dismiss the government, constitutional law on the creation and the right to referendum. Only four people have truly got this right be considered a democratic country with the basic conditions; if such rights are not hands of the people, that if this condition exists, it is not done in this country democracy. Therefore, the development of democracy in a country, the first sign, the first step is to hand over the four people, without a shred of reservation; government officials in charge of elections by the people, arising from among the people; Government policies and principles, decree laws, by the people to decide, created by the people; dereliction of duty by government officials or policies, laws do not work against the interests of the people, the people can remove him or abolished it. a state is not achieved democracy the ruling authorities are not sincere in democracy, to see if he is not the right of the people should, without reservation to the people; and for the people to implement these types of rights be respected is not without reservation.
representatives in Congress to express their views positive or negative or even harsh criticism against the Government. No one can let other people comment: ; (Jefferson language). but because of the way, many fascists as a democratic country again this sluggish against the democratic state, and Roosevelt, in March the year before passage of these fascists is a very good answer: Yes, the decision of our democratic country, perhaps produced very late, but decided to arise, it is not the voice of any person to declare three thousand one hundred million people but by the voice to declare. three thousand one hundred million people is not a person.
this way, the Americans certainly have freedom of speech and the press to express their right to be heard, first of all the provisions of the Constitution on which their rights, and also provides Congress shall deprive the people of this right (compliance check). This is the measure of a country's democratic system of the scale, although public opinion is not tantamount to administrative measures, but the Government for the attention of public opinion in their time for action is with the decision significance. hh after the State Council to listen to these views, to the careful review of these finishing methods or adopted.
to enable people to understand the Government's measures often, President Roosevelt in 1933 and restored from the journalists of conferences served . the press conference and general meeting of the different, the president attended the aim is to answer as detailed as possible out of the issue raised by reporters. a country's president, at any time, and journalists attended the talk and come out ready to answer the question raised by journalists, say that it is the unique style of democracy. In the eyes of the American people, the role of political parties in the welfare of the people, and express their opinions and implement their ideas, any political party in order to win enough that only with their own action on behalf of the people to fight.
1944 年 3 月 30, .
is entitled to participate in political affairs by the people and then consolidated. so we can see that the civil rights of people to leave, do not start from the bottom, it can not create a solid constitutional basis; if the opposite, at best, but is made These castles in the air only. hh everyone before the law, are equal. Government officials, regardless of qualifications or performance of official duties for personal qualifications, Gou ultra vires acts are illegal, and people will be subject to the same jurisdiction of ordinary courts, with the same common law sanctions. to organize the government and its opposition to peaceful means to change the government. However, To achieve these purposes, the people must be able to freely criticize their government, freedom of assembly to discuss political, and can prevent the government's unlawful arrest and detention. Therefore, as the words they , of assembly, freedom of the body necessary for the constitution on the people's basic freedoms. Without these freedoms, by the people's constitutional is not successful. times, the people should of speech, press, assembly, association and freedom of the body is the truth, democratic politics is the truth, the truth is to win, so hold high the banner of democracy, fighting the world and the Chinese people are sure to win .
(b) of the Chinese people to learn about American democratic ideals and democratic spirit of the Chinese Communist Party is advocating
American democracy, Mao Zedong asked encountered in every Chinese talk about democracy. Chinese officials, U.S. officials should talk about democracy. talk idea of democracy and democratic spirit. July 4, honest people will feel the joy and glory; since the birth of the world, after the new nation, democracy and science to the new world of freedom planted the foundation. hundred and sixty seven years, every night, most from the Earth dark corner of the hands of God can be beheld the torch of freedom of light, mm it makes people feel warm all the suffering, I feel there is hope in this world. From a young age, we feel the U.S. is a particularly amiable country . We believe, and this not only because she did not occupy the land to China, she had no right to launch aggressive war in China; more fundamental to say that the Chinese people a good impression on the United States is in the national character originated from the United States emanating democratic manner, the great hearts. In China, every child will know the honesty of Washington, Lincoln, each secondary school students know just sad and shocked (dace), Jefferson's broad and sincere. the glorious name of our land has been the symbol of all virtues. they represent,UGG boots cheap, but also already more than a country and a nation's honor. MACK Twain, Walt Whitman, Emma health education of our generation. is that they make young Asians know that the human dignity, freedom valuable; is them we have no democratic tradition in the spirit of the area, built in a day so that we can effectively resist the fascist ideology of the Great Wall. it all the spirit and heart to heart send and moral, is not calculated by number and value. The Chinese people to thank the all before, on, the United States on democracy behind a model made in China pioneer of the Chinese people to learn the Washington education, study Lincoln, Jefferson learn, so we know the establishment of a democratic and free China needs bold, fair, honest. hh We believe that this is to make two great peoples, whether in time of war, after the war, will be able to permanently close cooperation of the basic causes.
we are very far away. a hundred years, we have the also indirectly touches of our two peoples but also among a few very special. However, we believe that the Pacific is not blocking our people and the friendship of peoples. in trouble, our hearts yearning West. And in the near future, when we work together to eliminate the Faxisidi of violence, as the war to the establishment of a modern China, even in the field of science to be allies of the assistance. In the past, democracy enriches our hearts; in the future, science will increase our strength.
for democracy and science as two great nations with ties, glory will always be fair and honest nation and people.
July 4, 1944, Washington, Jefferson and other great pioneer of democracy under the leadership of the nation declared independence. , which is why the Chinese Communist Party and other democratic forces. We now carry out the work of the Communists, but Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, etc. have already passed in the United States work, it would be democracy in the United States and has been sympathy. The United States is of great assistance with the Anti-Japanese War and the democratic movement in China, which we appreciate. In celebration of Independence Day today, we believe, with Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and other past work as with Roosevelt, Wallace's work now, we can only get a result of the struggle mm victory. we can unite all of China against Japan and the democratic forces, with the Allies, the expulsion of the Japanese imperialists out of China. : days New World not only shines bright and the old continent, but also shone for centuries, until today, the United States is the youngest democracy in the world up in one of the countries. a point, contains a what, Americans will not forget. for us is the Chinese people to flesh mm one for national independence and democratic freedoms of the peoples mm, it is also worth experiencing, it is worth understanding and learning.
article points out: We have a traditional feature, is democracy, that is, the majority of the people for freedom and democracy. United States is now the main anti-fascist war, one of the four United Nations, responsible for the complete elimination of France, the eradication of aggression, the establishment of permanent peace and security in the major world responsibility, from the United States revolutionary history, democracy and freedom-loving American people from the traditional spirit of the true interests of the people from the United States, we believe that the United States will continue to Roosevelt's democratic policies will not ignore parts of the world, particularly the voice of the Chinese people, the people the requirements. the immense confidence and resolute attitude in this new country on the New World laid the foundation of democracy. deep-rooted foundation, to this day, raging torrent in the democratic trend of the time, has become the basic concepts of the democratic world. people have natural human rights, human freedom and dignity should not be violated for the unjust forces and blasphemy, people Government, not the slave master, hh that from the eighteenth century, it should already be known to all mankind accepted common sense. But today, in the fifties of the twentieth century, the world still does not recognize the people Faxisidi rights, as well as violence in an attempt to oblige the people into submission is not correct tyrant the devil, there is despicable to use all means to suppress the ugly people of liberty, deprivation of rights of the people l rules r, l Ordinance, r, l system r; l also want to use the cloak to hide the Democratic r magic body fascist and a liar home, then we in the vanguard of today, the birth of this democratic day, feel that their responsibility is particularly significant, Mr. Jefferson will especially feel the spirit of the noble and great to. All the power to struggle, to l look to the future with confidence, so that all peoples of the world, can live in freedom, not tyranny, violence, and by virtue of their diverse aspirations and freedom of conscience and the life of r (Tehran Declaration) . the forward direction of China's advanced culture!
(c) China's fundamental problem is the lack of democracy, the task is to establish the Communist Party of China Communist Party of the Democratic National
lack of democracy in the national conditions of China's very clear, June 12, 1944 A foreign press corps Mao Zedong pointed out: implementation of democracy in all areas should be 19th anniversary of the death of the General Assembly, delivered a speech, also emphasized that China has no democracy. He said: equality. We know that to achieve this objective, it must be independent of external, internal democracy. But the Sun had passed away 19 years, this purpose has not achieved. War is the pursuit of national independence in this, but time is fast past 7 years, preparing the country away from the counter-offensive is far from true. This should be a democratic Republic, but the KMT for 18 years, has yet to practice democracy. This can not be said to be the country's largest loss. have a say in the country is really true Republican ? Zhou Enlai made three prerequisites: most pressing needs of the National People's freedom is the freedom of personal residence, freedom of association, of assembly, freedom of speech published. the people can always be illegal residential search, the body of the people can always be illegal arrest, torture in secret, is secret killed, or forced training, the people freedom of assembly and association is prohibited, people suffering from extreme limits of speech and the publication of inspection, which have discussed how to protect the people made claims of constitutional freedom? Sun Yat-sen once said: l Now called the Republic of China, to truly, if necessary, to the people of this country is really the main speech to the people can indeed have a say. this situation is the true Republican. If not, is to leave the Republic of r (Sun Yat-sen : beyond the scope of the anti-Japanese democratic activities, do not always attempt to destroy them. With the previous two democratic, local self-government can be truly implemented. task is to fight for independence and the people of China's democracy and freedom establishment of anti-Japanese united front of the class political power. . This is a malicious rumor and slander. l the Communist Party against the Kuomintang's one-party dictatorship of the r, but not to establish one-party Communist dictatorship r. l the Communist Party and the Eighth Route and New Fourth Army, the forces of democracy, the majority of people are willing to, services for the people, for the joint anti-Japanese democratic regime of the class struggle. This regime is not a party school of the proceeds of a private person's. objective. government to the people without reservation, all power to the people of the elected government to manage. anti-democratic, the task of the Chinese Communist Party is a democratic country, and never will ) to achieve democracy, must end
authoritarian one-party rule is contrary to democracy and freedom, and to achieve democracy and to end one-party dictatorship. This is the Communist media repeatedly stressed a basic idea.
1941 年October 28, democratic politics, the key is to end one-party rule. hh day because this issue is not resolved, then the affairs of state is bound to sweep in the hands of one party; intelligent people in, no introduction; good advice, can not be implemented. so-called democracy, no matter how out kinds of tricks, but had plenty of its name only. Only after the end of party rule, the national talent to their best from the public display of their ambitions; the various parties who may also observe each other, mutual tempering of progress, play the largest political effect. It is said that the KMT active Republican, not the end of party rule, so weakened. I do not know the weaknesses of the Kuomintang today, is formed under the monopoly of political power. When the other party up competition, the KMT is only more Fenmian, adding new blood, shake the new spirit apace. So the end of party rule, will not weaken the KMT, it will only strengthen it. is not a substitute for it? mm is the substitute! of the Chinese people to work for democracy, naturally want the real thing, not substitutes. about the makeup of one-party dictatorship, democracy as a substitute method, although ingenious, but much difference of thousands of people's aspirations and eight thousand years. China's people are seeing in the wide open: Do not take a substitute for democracy, to deceive us ah! The article pointed out, democracy is really powerful: people, is entirely at German and Italian fascists true mass of a clock, in any case laced with gold paint color, but also can not let people eating free fruit, taste a little sweet democracy. published an article on those who oppose democracy, maintaining one-party dictatorship excuse to refute.
big bourgeoisie to adhere to the Yes, but our people is not good, can not be implemented. They say, our people have always been the lack of education and self-training, if hastily implemented, will produce good results. So now a democracy is impossible. they think China to realize democracy is not something today, but years later things, they hope that the Chinese people's knowledge and level of education up to the bourgeois democratic countries in Europe and America as democratic politics again. Xinhua Daily ; Our experience shows that the Chinese people need to understand democracy and democratic, does not require any long-term experience, education or political tutelage r. l Chinese farmers are not stupid, they are clever, as do others care about their own power and interests. , suitable for all democratic countries. The article said: also do so. hh Well said, Professor Buck: l is the scientific way of democratic, scientific theory, regardless of national boundaries, applicable to any everyone. r Mr. Sun Zhesheng said: l China and the world can not be separated, and the world we Figure coexistence of nations, must adapt to the world environment and trends. r the They sat on the throne of oppression r. l stability of the small group they can rule the country, do whatever they like their l l stability and stability of r. r is the Chinese people bring disaster, because their interests and the fundamental interests of the whole of China contradictory. l stability of their rule r, the Chinese ninety-five percent more people than will be no food, no clothes to wear, have nothing to do, not at school, did not speak of freedom, no freedom to walk, not home free. and they want stability and they r l a few people, but also subjective fantasy, the people too much, they killed could not finish, they came for the finish, not finish them off, so they are difficult to l They hated the Communist Party of r. stability, saying that does not destroy the Communist Party of the day, they wasted step. they probably thought they destroyed the Communist Party of the l United States and r authoritarian dream. In fact, that without the Communist Party, their dreams are not realized. Yuan era, the Communist Party of China did not, but the throne of Yuan Shikai's autocratic or not firmly secured. Qing Dynasty, nor the Communist Party of China, but the Manchu emperor's home world the same can not be eternal. The on-off, you said that you really want the stability of the whole of China? Then why do you want to rambling, the letter I nonsense, not the true source of chaos that out? Chinese people already know what is allocated Anti-government approach to chaos, that is, mm
stop the civil war! cancel the secret! abolished the KMT's one-party dictatorship! Xinhua Daily bookstores, printing and drama films, special regulations enacted twenty-nine kinds. hh In this case, the pro-democracy Chinese newspapers to doom heavy, being reproached. > 1, freedom of speech is a basic democratic politics
the phenomenon of the times, this is the way to fascism, which is to promote cultural retrogression, not suitable for today's democratic world, especially not suitable for China to seek progress. one worthy of the semi-finals, hh must first improve the culture; improve culture, one must have the freedom of thought and speech
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